Search results for "Fatty Acid Desaturases"
showing 10 items of 35 documents
Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary…
2020
Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GW…
Adrenic acid Δ4 desaturation and fatty acid composition in liver microsomes of spontaneously diabetic Wistar BB rats
1994
We examined the delta 4 (n-6) desaturation and the fatty acid composition of liver microsomes in the insulin-dependent spontaneously diabetic Wistar Bio-Breeding (BB) rat. The desaturation of adrenic acid to n-6 docosapentaenoic acid was decreased in the normo- and hyperglycemic diabetic rats. Insulin treatment with 1.0 IU. 100 g body weight-1 twice a day for 2 days restored the reduced activity during the hypoglycemic period. The pattern of responses was similar to that of linoleic acid delta 6 and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid delta 5 desaturases, with a non-parallel relationship between the desaturation system and the glycemia. The microsomal fatty acid composition of BB rat liver reflecte…
Liver oleic acid biogenesis is impaired during the prehypertensive period in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
2003
In the present study, we have investigated the liver microsomal stearic acid delta9 desaturation, and the fatty acid composition of liver microsomal total lipids in 10- and 30-day-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), compared to the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) control rats. So as to avoid any influence related to the diet, the composition of the milk being different in SHR and WKY strains, the pups were suckled by adoptive normotensive female Wistar. After weaning, the 30-day-old rats were fed a standard commercial diet and then killed. Our results show lower liver microsomal delta9 desaturase activities in the 10- and 30-day-old SHR versus the WKY of the same age. The fatty acid…
High pancreatic n-3 fatty acids prevent STZ-induced diabetes in fat-1 mice: inflammatory pathway inhibition.
2011
OBJECTIVE Because of confounding factors, the effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on type 1 diabetes remain to be clarified. We therefore evaluated whether fat-1 transgenic mice, a well-controlled experimental model endogenously synthesizing n-3 PUFA, were protected against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. We then aimed to elucidate the in vivo response at the pancreatic level. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS β-Cell destruction was produced by multiple low-doses STZ (MLD-STZ). Blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, and plasma lipid analysis were then performed. Pancreatic mRNA expression of cytokines, the monocyte chemoattractant protein, and GLUT2 were evaluate…
Desaturase activities are depleted before and after weaning in liver microsomes of spontaneously hypertensive rats
2002
Abstract In the present study, we have investigated the microsomal linoleic acid desaturation steps into arachidonic acid in 10- and 30-day-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as compared to their normotensive control rats, Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Suckled by adoptive Wistar normotensive female, the SHR and WKY were fed the same diet. Our results show lower Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase activities (the limiting steps in the bioconversion of linoleic acid into arachidonic acid) in the young SHR, as compared to the WKY normotensive rats. The fatty acid composition of liver microsomal total lipids evidences a higher proportion of linoleic acid in SHR than in WKY, in agreement with the partially deple…
INHIBITION OF FATTY ACID DESATURASES INDrosophila melanogasterLARVAE BLOCKS FEEDING AND DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION
2016
International audience; Fatty acid desaturases are metabolic setscrews. To study their systemic impact on growth in Drosophila melanogaster, we inhibited fatty acid desaturases using the inhibitor CAY10566. As expected, the amount of desaturated lipids is reduced in larvae fed with CAY10566. These animals cease feeding soon after hatching, and their growth is strongly attenuated. A starvation program is not launched, but the expression of distinct metabolic genes is activated, possibly to mobilize storage material. Without attaining the normal size, inhibitor-fed larvae molt to the next stage indicating that the steroid hormone ecdysone triggers molting correctly. Nevertheless, after moltin…
Interactions between dietary n-3 fatty acids and genetic variants and risk of disease
2012
Nutritional genomics has undergone rapid development and the concept is now very popular with the general public. Therefore, there is increasing demand for knowledge on adapting dietary composition to the genome. Our aim has been to undertake a systematic review so as to find out the level of evidence existing on whether the effects of n-3 fatty acids on health can be modulated by genetic variation. A systematic literature search was conducted on studies that jointly analyse the effect of one or more genetic variants in candidate genes and n-3 fatty acids. Both observational and experimental studies were included. Results are classified in accordance with whether the study was undertaken on…
Dietary fish protein lowers blood pressure and alters tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
2003
Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of two types of dietary protein on blood pressure, liver fatty acid desaturation and composition, and urine 6-keto-prostaglandin-F (PGF1α) level, the metabolite of prostacyclin. Methods 5-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed 20% casein or purified fish protein. The fat source was 5% ISIO oil, which contains 47.9% (ω-6) and 1.7% (ω-3) total polyunsaturated fatty acids. After 2 mo on the diet, systolic blood pressure was reduced with fish protein compared with casein (189.8 ± 10.5 versus 220.7 ± 8.7). Results Excretion of 6-keto-PGF1α in urine was negatively correlated with blood pressure. Liver cholesterol and phospholipid concentratio…
Regulation of cuticular hydrocarbon profile maturation by Drosophila tanning hormone, bursicon, and its interaction with desaturase activity
2016
International audience; Shortly after emergence the exoskeleton (cuticle) of adult insects is rapidly expanded, hardened (sclerotized), and pigmented (melanized). In parallel with this process, the oenocytes, which are large polyploid cells located below the abdominal epidermis, secrete onto the cuticle a cocktail of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs) and waxes. These improve the waterproofing of the cuticle, and also provide important chemosensory and pheromonal cues linked with gender, age, and species differentiation. The hardening and pigmentation of the new cuticle are controlled by the neurohormone, bursicon, and its receptor, encoded by the DLGR2 receptor, rickets (rk); by contrast, little…
Gene Regulation and Species-Specific Evolution of Free Flight Odor Tracking in Drosophila
2018
Running title: flight evolution in Drosophila This is an invited contribution to the special issue on Genetics of Adaptation based on a symposium of the same name at the National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR, Bangalore, India) in November 2016; International audience; The flying ability of insects has coevolved with the development of organs necessary to take-off from the ground, generate, and modulate lift during flight in complex environments. Flight orientation to the appropriate food source and mating partner depends on the perception and integration of multiple chemical signals. We used a wind tunnel-based assay to investigate the natural and molecular evolution of free flight …